EXP 4504 MEMORY DISORDERS NAME _____________________________

FALL 1998 EXAM #1 Answer ANY FOUR Questions on EACH PAGE.

1. What is the distinction, first noted by Freud, between field and observer modes of autobiographical memory? What does Schacter argue this tells us about memory?

2. Describe one of Schacter=s broad themes about human memory we discussed at the outset, giving a brief example that illustrates the theme.

3. What aspect(s) of encoding will favor subsequent feelings of Aremembering,@ as opposed to Ajust knowing@ or feeling something is familiar?

4. What does it mean for a clinical test of memory to be Anormed@?

5. You=ve got under an hour to administer a test of patient=s anterograde memory. What intrument do you choose, and why?

6. What is the effect of manipulating the Alevel (depth) of processing@ during encoding, according to research of Craik & Tulving (75) and others? Why does it have this effect?

7. Define either the generation effect or the self-reference effect during encoding of some material for later memory.

8. Give what you think is the most striking example of the Semon/Tulving principle of encoding specificity discussed in class or text.

9. What is the distinction between associative and strategic retrieval, as described by Schacter? For an extra point, what brain regions does he link to each?

10. Describe one aspect of his memory that seems relatively preserved in Clive Wearing. What Akind@ of memory dissociation does this imply?

11. As a result of his apparent activation of latent memories by electrical stimulation, Penfield claimed that all memories are potentially retrievable. What is one reason to be skeptical of thiis claim?

12. How can the idea of Aconsolidation@ of memory help undertand the pattern of retrograde amnesia reflected in ARibot=s Law?@

13. What three Alevels@ of autobiographical memory are described by Rubin & Conway? How does this help make sense of the amnesia of PS, the man stuck in WWII?

14. State two conditions that might encourage memory distortions through Aschematization.@

15. Briefly describe one striking example of the creation of a Afalse memory@ from the text or class, and state how we might explain its occurrence.